How We Know That the Needle Did NOT Penetrate Through the Dura

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EXHIBIT ID: SP_C_0441

How We Know That the Needle Did NOT Penetrate Through the Dura

How We Know That the Needle Did NOT Penetrate Through the Dura

Comparison showing how CSF will pass back up through the needle if the dura is penetrated

SP_C_0441 spine how know needle did not penetrate dura tuohy subarachnoid space cerebral spinal fluid CSF sagittal view